Thanks for the thorough answer, pmmpete!
I never hit bottom. I typically kayak in 100+ foot deep water. All mast breakages were during open water from pedaling. A lot of the time, I'm trolling for Coho salmon at around 4 mph with an 11" flasher board and 4lb downrigger ball deployed. When a fish takes, I accelerate to set the hook. I've had at least 3 masts break during the acceleration and probably another 5 break while trying to get a bite by slowing down and then quickly speeding up. The rest of the time, it's pretty random--trying to get to a spot quickly, fighting a strong current, a little too much coffee...
I definitely do get a gurgling sound when cruising (not trolling), which I suspect means that it's close to the boat's max speed. From your reply, it sounds like my suspicion that newer drives are probably a bit stronger is correct. I actually used to cover a lot more distance with the kick-up pedals and never had any issues. So, all this does seem to support the idea that I would be better off with a more streamlined kayak and updated drive.
I will also try to be better about the pedaling techniques that you suggested. I'm still reluctant to commit to slowing down, though