You say you have the newer adjustable "gugeons". I assume you mean the newer rudder castings.? (There's no such thing as adjustable gugeons.)
There's a FAQ on this forum about getting the adjustable castings set properly.
The jist of it is that you need to loosen the adjusting plate on the upper casting, lock the rudder down, and then slide the adjusting plate all the way forward so it is fully seated in the cam. If it isn't forward all the way, the tiller arm will lift up, but it won't trip the cam and the cam will stay down. Having new cams can definitely help as old ones get worn out and soft. If all the parts are old, a total re-build may be in order (replace the cam and plunger).
A small amount of lube on the contact surface of the cam (where it engages the plunger) helps a lot in getting the cam to rotate. I prefer to use white lithium grease or bearing grease- something that won't wash away.
Last, you need to set the plunger force by adjusting the large plastic screw on the underside of the lower casting (below the cam). You tighten or loosen this screw to change the amount of force required to get the cam to rotate.
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