http://vancouver-webpages.com/peter/nmeafaq.txt
Has a simplified but not simple description of NMEA Protocol.
NMEA 0183 is a protocol for command and data exchange between devices.  Based on 'sentences' it is a pretty rich palette for controlling GPS and other such nav goodies.  However your particular GPS/NavDev/FishFinder has it's own set of interface requirements likely based on NMEA 0183 protocol.  Check with your vendor for details and suitable upload/download tools.  Designing your own is not for the faint of heart or weak of codesmithing.  I have used Garmin and Trimble nav devices for many years and they seem to have a good reputation for customer assistance.  
anasasi (Not NMEA compliant)